Nanking massacre is allegedly a large scale of killing civilians and it has been said by many Westerners in Nanking who “eye witnessed” a massacre. Yet surprisingly, “eye witnessed” does NOT mean they actually saw directly. In fact, none of so called “eyewitnesses” of massacre saw Japanese killing civilians in person for sure. They only saw bodies whom they thought Japanese killed or they saw Japanese killing Chinese who they thought were civilians. It was Chinese soldiers who killed many Chinese civilians even several months before the battle (executing 2000 of them as spies), right before the battle (12th a panic at North gate and river), and after the battle all along.
American media and pastors sided with Chiang kai-shek even before Nanking battle.
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Iwane Matsui  |
Iwane Matsui is a general at Japanese army, kind hearted man who cares about Chinese people and a dog lover. He was Japanese leader at Nanking battle. He has known Chiang kai-shek for years even before Chiang's Republic of China in Nanking was first recognized by the US. On 8th December 1937, Five days before Nanking battle 13th, Chiang fled away, and didn't bother to talk to Iwane who later sent the ultimatum to Tang in Nanking. |
Westerners in Nanking at the time of battle
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German / Business man  |
John Rabe was German chief of Safety Zone committee, which he said he didn't want to be but he had to because Americans asked for it. He wrote a diary (which might have been forged later) often cited as the evidence of Nanking massacre. But if you read carefully you will see he only saw bodies on the streets or the injured but never said he saw Japanese killing civilians in person. He only heard others saw. He was criticized by the other german, Paul Scharffenberg for listening to only one side and being used by Americans. |
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Archibald Steel American / Journalist  |
Archibald Steel is the American journalist working around China and Manchuria since early 1930's. Japanese military had eyes on him as anti-Japanese propagandist “Watch list” since then. Once he was missing, and Japanese military saved him. At Nanking battle, he wrote the world 1st article of Nanking massacre, which was already a fake news. He never said he saw Japanese killing civilians. he only saw civilian bodies on the streets and saw Japanese jabbing those he thought were civilians. Five feet pile of dead bodes he described was actually made by Chinese soldiers at Yijiang Gate massacre on 12th Dec evening right BEFORE Japanese entered Nanking on 13th, which is Yijiang Gate massacre . |
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Tilman Durdin American / Journalist  |
Tilman Durdin is the American journalist. He is among those with Soong meiling in the photo above. He wrote many articles about the whole Nanking battle on New York Times, reporting Nanking massacre. Although he wrote/said Japanese killed civilians, but never wrote/said he SAW Japanese killing civilians in person on his articles and post-war interview in 80's. Japanese military had eyes on him, and criticized Durdin for spreading a fake news of Japanese atrocity in Nanking. |
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Yates Mcdaniel American / Journalist  |
Yates Mcdaniel is the American journalist. He is among those with Soong meiling in the photo above. He reported Nanking massacre, but he never said he saw Japanese killing civilians in person. He also helped Chinese soldiers escape from Japanese, which is the violation of neutrality. Japanese military criticized Yates for spreading a fake news of Japanese atrocity in Nanking. He also wrote about Chinese soldiers killing each other on escaping, which was used in Gum Inc game card. |
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Arthur Menken American / Journalist  |
Arthur Menken is the American journalist who took a film in Nanking for Paramount showing Japanese military parade and bodies on the streets after the battle. He wrote some articles but he never said he saw Japanese killing civilians in person. |
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John Magee American / Pastor  |
John Magee is American pastor, who is known for taking Nanking massacre evidence films/photos showing dead bodies and the injured civilians brought to hospital. But it turned out he confessed he saw only a single case of Japanese shooting Chinese running away at interrogation. The rest is all hearsay. |
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Wilson Plumer Mills American / Pastor  |
American sub chief of Safety Zone committee and he was senior among the member of American missionary. He had been in China long and he wrote about how Chinese treated Christianity and praised Kuomintang Chiang kai-shek for protecting it. |
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Miner Searle Bates American / Pastor  |
Miner Searle Bates is the American pastor and a history professor at Ginling College. He was the advisor of Kuomintang working for Chiang-kai shek and received award twice by Kuomintang.He himself never said he saw Japanese killing civilians, yet he is responsible for spreading anti-Japanese propaganda. At the time of Nanking battle he did mostly anonymously like writing articles on the book “War What means” by Timperley leading to the execution of two Japanese military officers MUkai and Noda after WW2, and at Tokyo trial after WW2 explicitly by testifying against Japan leading to the execution of Japanese leader at Nanking battle, Iwane Matsui. |
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Lewis S. C. Smythe American / Pastor  |
Lewis S. C. Smythe is a subordinate of Bates. He wrote Smithe report with Bates's supervision making up a false damage/casualties by Japanese by misleading survey accusing Japanese. It was later submitted at Tokyo Trial after WW2. |
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Minnie Vautrin American / Teacher  |
Minnie Vautrin was an American missionary, diarist, educator and president of Ginling College. In her diary, she never saw Japanese killing civilians in person. She mentions Chinese soldiers killing civilians if they don't obey. She says she once saw Japanese soldiers rape woman , but it might be consensual for a money, since once she thought she was protecting girls from Japanese soldiers recruiting prostitutes, which turned out many Chinese girls went forward willingly to be prostitutes as written in John Rabe's diary. |
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George Ashmore Fitch American / Pastor  |
George Ashmore Fitch is China born American pastor. He and his wife are close to Soong meiling and advocating the US should attack Japan to protect Chiang kai-shek and also supported Korean terrorist working against Japan. As Bates did, he wrote the article anonymously for Timperley's book "War What Means". He also delivered John Magee's film with new captions to the US to spread anti-Japanese propaganda. Interestingly he also wrote the inconvenient version of what happened in Nanking from Oaph boat, namely on 12th Dec right before Japanese entered on 13th, "a terrible holocaust", Chinese soldiers killing each other (Yijiang Gate massacre) and thousands drown by their own. |
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James Henry McCallum American / Doctor  |
James Henry McCallum is American doctor in Nanking, treating the injured. He described Japanese killing civilians as appalling. But it turned out it was hearsay, and he never saw Japanese killing civilians in person. |
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Paul Scharffenberg German /diplomat  |
Paul Scharffenberg is German diplomat in Nanking. He criticized John Rabe for listening to only one side and being used by Americans. |
Westerners NOT in Nanking at the time of battle
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Herald Timperley  |
Herald Timperley is Australian journalist, and he is the author of the book “War What Means” about Nanking Massacre with Bates and Fitch even though he left Nanking on September before Nanking battle on December. Now we know that he worked for Chiang kai-shek for a propaganda as the document found in Taiwan shows. |