¶ Allegation
At a battle in Nanking (Dec 1937 to Jan/Feb 1938) Japan vs Chiang Kai-shek(KMT:Kuomintang Republic of China) on 2nd Sino-Japanese war, Westerners in Nanking, mostly American journalists and pastors, accused Japanese soldiers for raping and killing civilians. The trusted Red Swastika burial record shows 40K death toll including soldiers. After WW2, suddenly a new list of burial records appeared and the death toll soared up to 200K (matched to Hiroshima/Nagasaki atomic bomb victims, 210K) with a newly submitted burial record by Republic of China (See Burial Record).
¶ Conclusion
There was no such massacre against Chinese civilians by Japanese. No such photos showing Japanese killing civilians (See Nanking fake photos). None of westerners saw Japanese soldiers killing civilians in person (individual testimonies). They saw the dead or injured not knowing who did it, or they saw Japanese killing soldiers, who they thought were civilians.
Quick Summary
I made 4 flash card like summaries as a take away.
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Skip to the section of description about these.
It was Chinese military who had executed 2000 Chinese civilians in Nanking on suspicion of being traitors over several months prior to a battle on 13th Dec in 1937.
On 9th Dec 1937, KMT top leader, Chiang and his wife Soong fled away with US pilot airplane irresponsibly and cowardly without any proper order leaving Tang. Japanese leader Matsui sent a message to surrender to spare Chinese soldiers‘s lives and to protect the ancient building in Nanking, yet KMT ignored it and decided to fight till the last drop of blood.
On 12th Dec evening, right before the battle, Tang escaped, which made the left KMT soldiers into a panic and they tried to escape out of walled city heading a north gate, but there was “a terrible holocaust”, the other Chinese soldiers were ordered to kill those trying to escape, and shot Chinese soldiers including civilians, and furthermore at north bay thousands of Chinese soldiers tried to cross a river and drowned BEFORE Japanese reached on 13th morning. What a chain of irresponsible and miserable story!!
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After Nanking fall on 13th Dec in 1937, the order of City was restored. The terror of regime by Chiang Kai-shek was gone, and a new autonomous government was set up.
The collection of authentic photos of Nanking after the order was restored.
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Yet, there are many Chinese KMT soldiers who flooded into Safety Zone, when they are not supposed to, and stanched their weapons pretending to be civilians while committing crimes (See KMT crimes).
Japanese decided a mopping operation for the safety of city where KMT still attacked Japanese troops by air raid on 2rd, 16th on Jan 1938 (See Soviet involvement).
Yet, Americans sided with Chiang Kai-shek took it as a massacre and spread anti-Japanese propaganda to the world while helping Chinese KMT soldiers hide in Safety Zone, which is completely unneutral act.
¶ How Americans made up Nanking Massacre twice.
First Nanking propaganda (1937 Dec - 1938)
Since a battle at Shanghai, American journalists had been on the side of Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, Soong Mei-ling spreading anti-Japanese propaganda directly. Especially at Nanking battle, Steel, McDaniel reported biased stories against Japan. US bias media even went further on June (6 month after Nanking battle) when Chiang bombed Yellow river to cause a flood to attack Japanese troops, causing up to a million death of Chinese civilians, US media said Japanese did it citing Chinese source and no single condemnation against Chiang when it was done by him (See Yellow River Flood and Spanish newspaper’s criticism).
American pastors such as Fitch, Bates, his subordinate Smyth, and his senior Milles were close to Chiang and Soong. Their relation had been there in Nanking as early as 1931 where Chiang had become Christian and protected Christianity for a political reason while other Chinese leaders did not (See Milles‘s paper). These American pastors played a great role to spread anti-Japanese propaganda indirectly by anonymous posts and articles on newspapers and books. They also carefully used other figures such as German John Rabe, Australian Timperley, Danish.
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Second Nanking Propaganda (1945-)
After WW2, there were two war winner trials. At Far Eastern Military Tribunal run by the US, the death count significantly soared up to 200K to 300K (matched to Hiroshima/Nagasaki atomic bomb victims, 210K) with the "non original" burial record submitted to the court by Republic Of China. Japanese leader at Nanking battle, Iwane Matstui (松井 石根), who has nothing to do with Pacific War(a battle against the US), was brought to the court, sentenced to death, and executed by the US.
Next at Nanking Military Tribune run by Republic of China, other Japanese such as Hisao Tani(谷 寿夫), Tsuyoshi Noda(野田 毅), and Toshiaki Mukai(向井 敏明) were sentenced to death and were executed.
Japanese soldiers indeed killed many captured KMT Chinese soldiers but these Chinese soldiers refused Japanese ultimatum to surrender and have executed/killed civilians/soldiers before/during/after the battle. Especially those Chinese soldiers who escaped into Safety Zone , took off their uniform and stashed their weapons are not qualified as POW.
But above all, the root of problem of Nanking battle is due to the fact that Chinese top leaders, Chiang Kai-shek and Tang who told their soldiers to fight till a last man, trapped their soldiers within a walled city and ordered barrier troops to shoot those escaping, yet cowardly escaped themselves. This brought a chaos at a battle and failed to end it with a minimum casualty.
¶
Context
Fact.1 No Westerners saw Japanese killing civilians.
This is a list of so called, “eyewitnesses” of massacre and how they actually didn't see.
Good Nazi? If you read his book,
1) He didn't see even a single case of Japanese killing civilians. He only saw dead bodies.
Oddly "bodies with vaginas thrusted" he saw are resemble to how Chinese soldiers killed Japanese at Tongzhou Massacre.
2) John Rabe, the leader of the safety committee, harbored two Chinese KMT
Colonels in his house, the violation of the agreement with Japan. He was donated by Chiang Kai-shek. He was not neutral.